Skip to Content

Pluperfect Tense – Le plus-que-parfait

Pluperfect Tense – Le plus-que-parfait

In French, the “plus-que-parfait” or pluperfect tense is used to indicate actions that occurred prior to other past actions. It would equate to “had happened” in English. For example, “Je n’ai pas mangé à 18h00 parcé que j’avais dejà mange à 16h00” (I didn’t eat at 6pm because I’d already eaten at 4pm).

French pluperfect (plus-que-parfait)

Plus-que-parfait

For verbs conjugated avoir (to have) in the passé composé, the pluperfect is formed by combining avoir in the imperfect tense with the past participle. For verbs formed with être in the passé composé, use the imperfect of être.

Pluperfect conjugation endings

Parler (to speak) - had spoken
j'avais parlé
tu avais parlé
il avait parlé
nous avions parlé
vous aviez parlé
ils avaient parlé
Arriver (to arrive) - had arrived
j'étais arrivé(e)
tu étais arrivé(e)
il/elle était arrivé(e)
nous étions arrivé(e)s
vous étiez arrivé(e)(s)
ils étaient arrivé(e)s
Se lever (to get up) - had gotten up
je m'étais levé(e)
tu t'étais levé(e)
il/elle s'était levé(e)
nous nous étions levé(e)s
vous vous étiez levé(e)(s)
ils s'étaient levé(e)s

Sample sentences using the French pluperfect

The best way to get a sense of how to use the French plus-que-parfait is by going through some example sentences.

  • Cet hiver, j’ai visité la France. L’année dernière, j’avais visité l’Italie. This winter I visited France. Last winter I’d visited Italy.
  • Quand je suis arrivé au cinéma, le film avait déjà commencé. When I got the movies the movie had already started.
  • Aujourd’hui je me suis promené en ville. Hier, je m’étais promené dans la campagne. Today I took a walk downtown. Yesterday I’d taken a walk in the countryside.
  • Quand papa est entré dans la cuisine, maman avait déjà préparé le repas. When dad entered the kitchen, mom had already made the meal.
Discover more:

French grammar | Lessons by David Issokson

author avatar
David Issokson Founder & French Teacher at FrenchLearner.com
David Issokson is the founder of FrenchLearner.com, where he’s been helping students master French through vocabulary, grammar, and cultural lessons since 2012.

    David Issokson

    About the Author – David Issokson David Issokson is an online French teacher and the founder of FrenchLearner.com (established 2012). He has been teaching French online since 2014 and brings over 30 years of experience as a passionate French learner and fluent speaker. David creates clear, structured lessons supported by native audio recorded by Marie Assel Cambier, a professional voice artist and native French speaker. A graduate of McGill University in Montreal, he has taught hundreds of learners worldwide and publishes daily French lessons for more than 12,000 email subscribers. 📘 About David » 🌐 David’s personal site » 👍 Follow on Facebook »

    See all posts by