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How To Understand En Vs. Dans In French (+16 Essential Rules)

How To Understand En Vs. Dans In French (+16 Essential Rules)

En vs. dans in French

In French grammar there are two ways to say the preposition “in”: “en” and “dans“. This page will cover en vs. dans and provide lots of practical categories for when to use each preposition.

En vs. dans in French

En vs. Dans: Overall usage

Use dans fo future events

To say when an event will occur in the future use dans. For example:

  • L’avion partir dans un heure. The plane will leave in one hour.
  • La classe commencera dans cinq minutes. Class will start in five minutes.

Use “en” for how long it takes to do something

When referring to how long it takes to do something use en. Hence, always think to yourself, “en duration”.

  • Je lis le roman en une semaine. I read the novel in one week.
  • Je prépare le repas en deux heures. I make the meal in two hours.
Example of how to use "en" in French

Uses of en

1. Expression of time use en

  • en janvier in January
  • en hiver in or during the winter
  • en 2013 in 2013
  • finir un projet en une semaine to finish a project in a week

2. By means of in transportation (motorized)

  • voyager en bus to travel by bus
  • voyager en avion to travel by train
  • voyager en train to travel by train

3. Appearances or conditions

  • être en bonne santé to be in good health
  • être en forme to be in shape
  • être en guerre to be at war
  • être en pyjama to be in one’s pyjamas
  • en désordre in disorder
  • en pagaille to be a mess
  • être en surpoids to be overweight

4. To be late and early

  • être en avance to be early
  • être en retard to be late

5. Emotional states

  • être en colère to be angry
  • être en amour to be in love
  • être en bonne humeur to be in a good mood

6. Changes of form

  • Casser en deux to break into two
  • Traduire en anglais to translate in English

7. To be in the middle of

  • en plein été in the middle of the summer
  • en plein échauffement in the middle of warming up

9. Expressions of position and expressions

  • en bas downstairs
  • en haut upstairs
  • en face across the street

10 . More expressions with en

  • en tous cas in any case
  • en semaine during the week
  • en danger to be in danger
  • en vacances on vacation
  • en direct live (on TV)
  • en ligne online
  • monter en voiture to get into a car
  • tomber en panne to break down
  • être en demande to be in demand
  • être en déficit to be in deficit
  • être en mesure de faire to be in a position to do
  • être en repos to be off work
  • être en vie to be alive

Usage of dans

1. Inside of something

  • dans la voiture in the car
  • dans la maison in the house
  • dans le train in the train
  • dans la rue in the street
  • dans le jardin in the yard
  • dans le café in the café

2. When something will occur in the future

  • Le film commence dans une heure. The movie is stating in one hour.
  • J’arrive dans cinq minutes. I’m coming in five minutes.

3. When talking about grammar

  • dans le passé composé in the passé composé
  • dans l’imparfait in the imperfect
  • dans le subjunctif in the subjunctive

4. During the + time word

  • dans la matinée during the morning
  • dans la soirée during the evening
  • dans l’après-midi during the afternoon
  • dans la semaine during the work week

5. Figurative place expressions

  • dans ce cas in this case
  • dans ce contexte in this context
  • dans cette perspective in this perspective
  • dans ces conditions in these conditions
  • dans ces circonstances in these circumstances

6. More expressions

  • dans un premier temps first and foremost
  • dans le but de with the goal to
  • dans tous les cas in any case
  • dans le but de with the scope of
  • dans la mesure où as long as
  • être dans le gaz to be tired
  • être dans la lune to have your head in the clouds
  • être dans la dèche to be broke
  • être dans les choux to not be with it, to be lost
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David Issokson

David Issokson is a lifelong language enthusiast. His head is swimming with words and sounds as he speaks over six languages. Of all the languages he speaks, he's the most passionate about French! David has helped hundreds of students to improve their French in his private online lessons. When procrastinating working on his site, FrenchLearner.com, David enjoys his time skiing and hiking in Teton Valley, Idaho.

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